Icloud Current Situation Analysis Free Essays

CURRENT SITUATION ANALYSIS Christopher Dobrinski Esra Arnaudova Evanzhelin Stoyanova Jora Cakuli Apple Inc. is an American  multinational corporation  that designs and sells  consumer electronics, computer software, and personal computers. The company is widely recognized by its logo which is an apple that is bitten on the right side which symbolizes lust, knowledge, hope and anarchy. We will write a custom essay sample on Icloud Current Situation Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Apple’s most famous products include the iPad, the iPhone, the iPod, and the MacBook series of laptops. All products offered by Apple use the iOS operational system. On August 20th, 2012 the company’s value broke the world record which is 624 billion dollars. iCloud is one of the company’s flagship applications, which allows its users to store data on remote computer servers, so that they can synchronize that data with almost every device that has the iOS system. The iCloud system provides its users with the ability to upload everything from music to books, photos, apps, and etc. Every iCloud account offers 5gb of free storage space, additional space be purchased in 10, 20 or 50 GB. Other features that the application has are Find My Phone which allows users to track the location of their iOS device or Mac. Find My Friends is another feature which allows users to share their location. Back To My Mac is a service on the iCloud that allows users to login remotely to other computers configured with the same Apple ID. iTunes Match is newest feature of the storage app, customers can match and scan tracks from CDs or other sources and listen to the same tracks on iTunes free of charge. Cloud’s main competitors include Amazon Cloud Drive, Box. net, Dropbox, and Microsoft Skydrive. Amazon Cloud Drive is a storage system much like the iCloud, it was launched in March 2011 by Amazon. com, just like the iCloud it offers 5 GB of free storage, any additional storage can be purchased, the cost is 1$ per GB a year, which is a lot cheaper than the product that Apple Inc. offers. Dropbox is a file hosting service operated by Dropbox Inc. which offers client software, file synchronization and cloud storage. Dropbox allows users to create a special folder on each personal computer that they have, which then Dropbox synchronizes so that the folder and its contents can be viewed on every PC or phone that it is synchronized with. Unlike Apple and Amazon, Dropbox only offers 2 GB of free space, while the paid Pro account offers up to 100 GB. Dropbox works with iOS, Android and Blackberry for mobile users and on Windows, Mac and Linux operating systems. Which is amazing because itis one of the few storage services that can be used on multiple software platforms. Box. net has been on the market since 2005 and has been a powerhouse in the segment. The personal edition of Box. net offers 5 GB of free space, while the maximum that can be purchased is 500 GB for 15 dollars a month with enhanced features. Box. net just like Dropbox works on multiple platforms. Microsoft Skydrive is Microsoft’s cloud storage system. The system offers 7 GB of free space, users that signed up prior to April 22nd received 25 GB of free storage enhancement. The service uses HTML5 technologies which allows customers to upload files of up to 300 MB in size by dragging and dropping the file into the web browser. Microsoft Skydrive works only for Windows Home and Windows Phone users. How to cite Icloud Current Situation Analysis, Essay examples

Managing strategic Resources and Planning

Question: Discuss about the Managing strategic Resources and Planning. Answer: Introduction In this given assignment, Canberra International airport of Australia is used to understand the whole operation of an airport, its inbound and outbound logistic, value chain and end user. It is serving the capital city of Australia, located at Northeastern edge of Canberra. Airport Group of Canberra Pty Ltd is liable for its operation and management. Flight is served by it to most of the capital cities of Australia. In 2009, Canberra International airport has undergone a major restructuring process in which the old terminal was fully demolished and new terminal was opened in that place. The operation and management of this airport is based on certain parameters, which must be kept in mind while deciding on the strategic management resources of the organization (De Neufville et al., 2013). Resource includes human capital, tangible and in tangible capitals and technological resources and monetary resources. Discussion Day to day operation of Canberra International airport includes better management of cost and customer satisfaction. Airport solutions are especially planned to handle all the needs of the airports, caterers, airlines, group handlers and cargo handlers. Improving the day-to-day operation will enable the enterprise to manage its operation effectively and develop its Key performance indicators (KPI) and training, training of business process, change in management, review of organizational structure and procedure of standard operation (Hill et al., 2014). Daily operation of Canberra International airport includes scheduling its flight timing, to check whether there is any delay in the flight timings and if there is a delay then contact to the passengers immediately and let them know about the flight changes. The main function of the ground staff is to check the passengers luggage whether they are carrying and items, which they are not allowed to carry. The ground staffs are also require d to help the passengers find their way to flight. Daily function of cabin crew is to look after the needs to the passengers and give them the knowledge off safety precaution at the time of takeoff and landing of the flight (Bratton Gold, 2012). The passengers need to be explained about the actions to be taken by them in case of any emergency like fastening seat belts and oxygen mask. They need to coordinate with the pilots who are the master of the vessel. If any passenger faces any problem, their main activity is to resolve that as soon as possible so that passenger is satisfied with their service. The administrative team of the airport looks after the administration process of running the airport. The allocate work to the employees of the airport in a way that a person efficient in a particular work is allocated that task only (Yu et al., 2013). Their main function is to overlook the entire operation of the airport efficiently and effectively. The administrative department looks after the food supply management, which is one of the most crucial activities, as all the airlines have to provide food and beverages to their passenger. Airlines do not have direct link ups the food suppliers, they depend on the value chain of the airport authority for their food supply (Narciso Piera, 2015). Therefore, the supply chain management of the airport needs to be strong otherwise a failure on their part will affect the reputation of the airlines and they will lose passengers. The checking of the baggage must be properly done so that any prohibited or inflammable products are not carried to the flight. If any inflammable product is carried to the flight then it may cause danger to the life of its passenger and the reputation of the airline will be at stake (Wu, 2016). Therefore, these are the major fields where more focus and attention must be given by the administrative department. Here comes the process of logistic inbound and outbound where the baggage and foods packages need to be transported properly from the airport to the flight. This includes a systematic process where either the vendor supply the food properly packed in container to the airport or the airport authority has their own transportation facilities to bring the food packages from the vendor place to airport (Aswathappa, 2013). Then the food packages needs to be arranged according to the flight demand and the ground staffs are required to deliver it to the flight where it is served to their respective passengers. The baggages are transported with the help of automated trolley from the airport to the respective flights where it is stored in the carrier of the plane. Now when the flight reaches its destination then baggages are handed over to the respective passenger according the ticket attached with the baggage and ticket given to the passenger. This process is to be done very cautiously so the baggages of the passengers are not interchanged. There is also an accounts and finance department in Canberra International airport, which looks after the financial aspects of the airport. Their main function is to perform day-to-day transaction, which involves receiving of fares from their passenger and payment of commission to their agents who are booking tickets on behalf of the passengers (Cummings Worley, 2014). These monetary transaction are required to be properly accounted for manually or in the accounting package they have so that at the end of their accounting period they have a clear picture of the financial standing of Canberra International airport. The accounts and finance department needs to look after the payment made to the vendors and dealers in their supply chain or value chain. They also need to look after the payment of salary to their staffs at the end of every month (Evans, Stonehouse Campbell, 2012). Any failure on that part can cause huge damage to the reputation of the airport. Therefore, it can be said that the responsibilities and duties of this department is too high so efficient and effective persons must be appointed so that no default is made I performing those duties. There is an information technology department in Canberra International airport, which looks after the servers, which control the entire information system of the airport. From cctv cameras to the display board where details of flight arrival and departure is continuously updated. Any failure on their part can lead to chaos within the passengers, which can harm the environment of the airport. Like all other airport Canberra International airport also have a security department, which checks the security within and outside the boundary of airport. Airport is a very sensitive place and now a day terrorist attack and highjack are increasing at a rapid pace and any fault of the security department can put hundreds of lives at stake (Oakland, 2014). Moreover, it will hamper the peace of entire nation. Therefore, the accountability of this department is very. Most of the airport outsources this security agenesis while some have their own security department. It depends on the size and volume of the airport. There is also an immigration verification department in Canberra International airport since it has commenced international flights. The main function of this department is to verify the passport and visas of the passengers travelling abroad (Morden, 2016). If case, any default is found in the passport or visas then they make proper enquiry about the person from internal and external sources and only if they are satisfied with the identity of the person then they allow the passenger to travel. Now all these departments are under the control of single umbrella i.e. management of Canberra International airport, which look after the entire affairs of the airport taking into, account the aspects of every department. All departments are accountable to the management for their performance. It there are any flaws in the any department then management must take corrective actions to reduce or eliminate those flaws (Eden Ackermann, 2013). The management is also responsible for the strategic planning for the future of the Canberra International airport. They must take steps to improve their financial and market position in future. The main target of an airport is to be in the top three airports worldwide in providing customer satisfaction as well as financial standings. The management of the airport has been delegated authority by the owners of the airport to supervise it properly and take it to a better position in future. Therefore, management is also accountable to its owners. Management is also responsible conducting internal and statutory audit of the airport every year. Based on the internal audit the management will be able to verify whether the internal control mechanism of Canberra International airport is adequate or not. Statutory audit of the financial statement will let the management understand the financial position of the company and steps required to be taken to improve it in future (Ellram, Tate Feitzinger, 2013). If there is any qualification in the financial statement then management must give proper explanation for that. Sustainability in the airport includes lightning, which is energy efficient, minimization of waste, water savings and efficient thermal glazing. In terms of sustainability Canberra International airport is standout. It is a leader in terms of infrastructure and asset building. The adjacent business park have achieved green first. It has been rated star for use of first trigeneration I an airport premises (Grant, 2016). Other sustainability initiatives taken by it are recycled steel, large-scale water recycling and zero reliance on potable water. Trigeneration gas plant that is in Majura Park reduces emission of CO2 by 1100 tones every year. There has been an adaptive recycle of 11 buildings, which already exist on the site of Business Park. Opening of Australians first backwater reuse plant in the airport in 2007, Storage of bike, connectivity of public transport and 2.68 m liters capacity of water storage has increased the sustainability of Canberra International airport. Conclusion In short, it can be concluded that Airports generally support to determine the optimal level of staffing, providing solution to complex problem, automation of employee management, coordination of ground and gate staff, efficiently manages the changes in day o day operation. Another important function of Airport authority department is to handle the baggage of their passengers. It is a ticket based system in which every baggage of passengers are attached a ticket according to which they are organized in a queue system so that none of the baggage is misplaced and they are delivered to their exact passenger. In addition, the sustainability issue must be kept with mind to give a better future to our next generation while managing the strategic resources. References Aswathappa, K., 2013.Human resource management: Text and cases. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Bratton, J., Gold, J. (2012).Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014).Organization development and change. Cengage learning. De Neufville, R., Odoni, A., Belobaba, P., Reynolds, T. (2013).Airport systems: planning, design and management. Eden, C., Ackermann, F. (2013).Making strategy: The journey of strategic management. Sage. Ellram, L. M., Tate, W. L., Feitzinger, E. G. (2013). Factor Market Rivalry and Competition for Supply Chain Resources.Journal of Supply Chain Management,49(1), 29-46. Evans, N., Stonehouse, G., Campbell, D. (2012).Strategic management for travel and tourism. Taylor Francis. Grant, R. M. (2016).Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Morden, T. (2016).Principles of strategic management. Routledge. Narciso, M. E., Piera, M. A. (2015). Robust gate assignment procedures from an airport management perspective.Omega,50, 82-95. Oakland, J. S. (2014).Total quality management and operational excellence: text with cases. Routledge. Wu, C. L. (2016).Airline operations and delay management: insights from airline economics, networks and strategic schedule planning. Routledge. Yu, M. M., Chern, C. C., Hsiao, B. (2013). Human resource rightsizing using centralized data envelopment analysis: Evidence from Taiwan's Airports.Omega,41(1), 119-130.

Major HRD Issues

Human resources development (HRD) has acquired a lot of attention lately as the contemporary highly competitive business world requires 100% productivity of the organisation and each member of the staff. There are a number of issues within the area of HRD which should be addressed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Major HRD Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it is possible to single out four major issues which need special attention. These issues are concerned with productivity, training, motivation and diversity of the workforce. Notably, these areas are interrelated, which should be taken into account by HR specialists. Large amount of literature on development of office workers’ skills can be found nowadays. As for development of workers of manufacturing organisations (e.g. textile industry), there is certain lack of consistent surveys and research (Ghazali Halib 2012). It is possible to c onsider the major HRD issues in terms of manufacturing companies to outline main areas to research. Executives, managers and researchers agree that productivity is one of the major issues of HRD (Sims 2007). It has been acknowledged that productivity should become a priority for workers to make a manufacturing company profitable (Ghazali Halib 2012). Admittedly, workers of a manufacturing company should be motivated to work harder. Each employee should strive for 100% productivity. York (2009) provides an example of the importance of each employee’s involvement into the development of the company’s productivity. Thus, one of the General Motor’s plants in California experienced various issues concerning productivity. In 1984, the company started: a joint venture with Toyota†¦ with a focus on teamwork between labor [sic] and management and a collective bargaining agreement that described the workers as professional partners committed to the New United Motors Manufacturing Inc. (York 2009, p. 273) This incentive proved to be effective as productivity of the new venture was 40 per cent more efficient than a typical productivity of a GM plant (York 2009). The workers were motivated to perform better as they understood that their productivity could be beneficial for them and the overall company. This is only one of many examples that justify the importance of workers’ productivity as well as importance of motivation.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Workers involved in textile industry can also be motivated in the same way. Though, it is necessary to admit that such measures are quite drastic. As has been mentioned above setting proper standards will be beneficial for any manufacturing company. High quality of products is crucial for textile manufacturing companies. Workers should understand that only specific quality of prod ucts can be regarded as acceptable and such characteristics as speed, amount of the products produced cannot be primary. Notably, there are many strategies to develop productivity. As has been mentioned above, motivation is one of the most important factors to pay attention to. The example of GM plant represents one of ways to develop motivation. Apart from making workers’ ‘professional partners’, it is possible to exploit a variety of strategies. Ghazali and Halib (2012) consider effectiveness of a specific incentive implemented on one of Malaysian manufacturing companies. The major motivation strategy was financial reward, i.e. additional payment for enhanced productivity. Reportedly, this incentive had quite controversial effects. On the one hand, workers were motivated to work harder and produce more. However, such commitment was not very cost-effective as it led to various defects, equipment breakdown, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to note that motivation strategies need to be developed and improved to fit specific industries. It is important to exploit a variety of motivation incentives, which are not confined to extra payment. Workers can obtain extra days off. It is possible to grant permission to work flexible hours. Promotion is a very potent tool to motivate workers of manufacturing companies. Training is also a very effective incentive to motivate workers. It is important to understand potential of each worker and if there is a worker who is eager to perform other tasks, supervisors and eventually the company’s owners should give this person such an opportunity. When it comes to textile industry, some workers may be interested in developing their skills.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Major HRD Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, some may want to develop computer skills and some may have desire to be a designer. All these inclinations and abilities should be taken into account. These workers can become high-skilled professionals, which will be beneficial for the company (and overall industry). When it comes to a textile manufacturing company, it can be helpful to present products of the company to workers who perform well. This incentive can be regarded as a motivation incentive as workers’ performance is appreciated and they are praised. At the same time, this can positively affect products’ quality as workers will remember that the products they produce can become their reward. Admittedly, people tend to create better things for themselves than for other people. Nonetheless, motivation is not the only factor that affects productivity, especially when it comes to manufacturing companies. Training plays a very important role in enhancing productivity. Birdi et al. (2008) claim that extensive training, empowerment and development of teamwork skills positively affect productivity of manufacturing compani es. At that, development of training programs requires quite a lot of precision. In the first place, Bayat (2011) notes that it is important to reconsider performance evaluation as existing standards do not meet needs of the modern business environment. Evaluation of productivity should be thoughtful. Many executives are eager to set quite high productivity standards which are hardly achievable. This strategy is very tempting but it is ineffective and even harmful for a manufacturing company as it leads to lack of motivation in workers. It is also important to take into account physical and psychological abilities of employees. Supervisors should understand whether a worker can fulfil this or that task. It is important to train workers who will be able to benefit from the training obtained as sometimes all workers take certain courses but never use the knowledge and skills acquired (Werner DeSimone 2011). Admittedly, this is not cost-efficient.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When it comes to manufacturing companies, training should address specific group’s needs. Each worker’s performance and potential should be taken into account. It is necessary to add that development of proper training strategies is one of the most serious issues in the contemporary business world. HRD professionals should work out incentives and programs that could address specific issues existing in a particular company. Productivity depends on effectiveness of these programs. Finally, training will positively affect industrial safety as workers should be aware of all standards, requirements and useful strategies. Sometimes it is believed that only large companies can benefit from training. However, a number of surveys show that small companies can also benefit from training and other HRD strategies (Grigore 2008). Many people deem that only big companies can afford proper training. Besides, owners of small companies often think training is costly and will not be rep aid. However, many researchers provide data which suggest that small companies benefit from training and HR development. Owners of small manufacturing companies often fail to understand that training can be regarded as one of strategies aimed at development of motivation. Workers will be motivated to improve their skills and develop new ones to increase their productivity, which, in its turn, will lead to financial reward. Another main issue to be considered is diversity at workplace. It is believed that diversity is a topic that has already been covered and there is no need in considering it. However, there is significant gap in literature on the mater (Curtis Dreachslin 2008). The contemporary workplace is highly diverse in terms of age, gender and ethnicity. All these differences can interfere with productivity of each employee and the overall company. Therefore, it is crucial to pay a lot of attention to this issue. Notably, diversity training has become quite popular lately an d many companies resort to a variety of strategies to raise diversity awareness among their employees (Werner DeSimone 2011). Sims (2007, p. 245) stresses that now the â€Å"diversity challenge centers [sic] not much on employees and customers but on management itself†. The researcher also notes that diversity awareness plays important role in teamwork development. It is important to note that some people think the best way out to address issues associated with diversity is to diminish it. Of course, this approach is ineffective due to, at least, two factors. First, it is hardly possible to diminish level of diversity in the contemporary world where governments ensure equality and diversity (Idowu 2012). Secondly, empowerment of women, globalisation, population aging contribute to high level of diversity at workplace. Thus, changing gender roles result in increasing number of women occupying different positions. The number of women in top management and among manufacturing c ompanies workers is steadily increasing. This contributes to high level of gender diversity. Globalisation is associated with people’s migration, which results in ethnical and cultural diversity at workplace. This is especially true for manufacturing companies where a lot of low-skilled people of different ethnicities are occupied. Population aging leads to quite a significant gap between generations at workplace, which leads to age diversity. Obviously, diversity can hardly be diminished. It is also necessary to note that researchers still argue about the role diversity plays. Some state that diversity positively affects companies’ productivity as people of different backgrounds have extensive experience they share to develop the company (Henry Evans 2007). At the same time, some researchers claim that diversity negatively affects employee’s performance as it leads to miscomprehension, misunderstanding and a variety of conflict situations (Jayne Dipboye 2004) . Both viewpoints have the right to exist as diversity can be beneficial for a company, but it can also lead to numerous issues if no diversity training is provided. Therefore, it is essential to raise diversity awareness among employees. When it comes to manufacturing companies, each employee should be involved in this training. There are numerous strategies to develop diversity awareness these days (Curtis Dreachslin 2008). Though major focus is made on such categories as students, top management, salespeople and healthcare professionals, researchers have developed certain strategies for workers of manufacturing companies as well. First, diversity training should address specific aims. It is necessary to start with particular issues and conflicts existing at workplace. Team building activities should also be a part of this training, or rather teamwork development and diversity awareness training should be incorporated into a single training strategy (Sims 2007). Sometimes languag e courses can be beneficial for workers as nowadays many people of different ethnicities work in manufacturing companies. As far as textile industry is concerned, diversity (especially cultural diversity) is a serious issue which should be addressed. Manufacturing companies often employ low-skilled workers who often have different cultural backgrounds. Apart from different ethnicities, workers of textile manufacturing companies are of different age and gender. Different ages and genders often lead to certain conflicts among workers. Supervisors as well as workers should have the necessary knowledge and skills to be able to solve various problems and avoid conflict situations. Ability to work in teams depends on workers’ ability to cope with issues associated with diversity. In conclusion, it is possible to note that companies need to address a variety of issues in the contemporary highly competitive business world. Human resources development should be one of the priorities f or any company. HR specialists should pay special attention to the following: productivity, motivation, training and diversity. These fields need special attention as they significantly affect profitability of the company. It is also important to note that these areas are interconnected and interdependent so they should be treated accordingly. It is important to develop training strategies that could address all of the following aspects: productivity, motivation and diversity. When it comes to textile manufacturing companies, HR specialists should pay special attention to motivation and diversity as these are key factors for this industry. Notably, there are quite many gaps in research and even such serious issues as productivity, motivation, training and diversity are under-developed. There is need in specific strategies and techniques which could be applicable in particular industries and settings. Of course, every HR specialist should also be ready to introduce effective techniqu es to enhance profitability of the company. Reference List Bayat, RF 2011, ‘Impact on the productivity of human resources management, performance evaluation’, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 5.12, pp. 1629-1635. Birdi, K, Clegg, C, Patterson, M, Robinson, A, Stride, CB, Wall, TD, Wood, SJ 2008, ‘The impact of human resource and operational management practices on company productivity: a longitudinal study’, Personnel Psychology 61.1, pp. 467-501. Curtis, EF Dreachslin, JL 2008, ‘Diversity management interventions and organizational performance: a synthesis of current literature’, Human Resource Development Review 7.1, pp. 107-134. Ghazali, Z Halib, M 2012, ‘Productivity-based group incentive scheme: a human resource strategy for competitive advantage in a Malaysian manufacturing company’, European Journal of Social Sciences 28.1, pp. 101-108. Grigore, AM 2008, ‘The impact of human resources practices upon s mall companies performances’, Buletinul LX.2/2008, pp. 83-92. Henry, O Evans, AJ 2007, ‘Critical review of literature on workforce diversity’, African Journal of Business Management, pp. 72-76. Idowu, OF 2012, ‘Human resource diversity and organizational outcomes: managing differences or organizational culture’, Australian Journal of Business and Management Research 1.12, pp. 1-6. Jayne, MEA Dipboye, RL 2004, ‘Leveraging diversity to improve business performance: research findings and recommendations for organizations’, Human Resource Management 43.4, pp. 409-424. Sims, RR 2007, Human resource management: contemporary issues, challenges, and opportunities, IAP, USA. Werner, JM DeSimone, RL 2011, Human resource development, Cengage Learning, Mason, OH. York, KM 2009, Applied human resource management: strategic issues and experiential exercises, Sage Publications, Inc., London. This essay on Major HRD Issues was written and submitted by user Lilandra to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Infancide essays

Infancide essays One Mans Trash is a Countrys Burden Infanticide is and was always the illegal practice of killing infants. Many times people choose to kill their infants because they were poverty stricken. Some people chose to kill their infants due to the childs shameful conception. No matter what the cause, infanticide was and still is a sickening problem. At one point in time infanticide was a popular method of population control. It was a method and a practice that many participate in and did not look down upon. Often children were not seen as a joyful occasion. These parental viewpoints lead to the destruction of many children, especially female infants. Thanks to Christianity, however, many people started to regard their newborns as blessings instead of burdens. The Christian faith preached that killing, no matter what the cause was wrong and punishable in the afterlife. Although in the latter part of the fourth century this offense was accompanied by the death sentence for anyone practicing infanticide, it could be due to the severe decrease in the population due to famine and other epidemics that struck the nations. In any case, the problem of infanticide was generally dealt with through the church system and not by any governmental branch. A common means of infanticide was through the unintentional smothering of a child while the child and the parents slept in the same bed. This was almost impossible to prove as an intentional means of slaughter. Many women who were accused of committing this particular crime served their time in jails or even were committed to the death sentence. Women (rarely men) could also plead insanity but this excuse was usually overruled and the women were inevitably sentenced to death. Eventually, in the fifteen hundreds fines were set in place to discourage people from sleeping with their infants. Women and men were facing hard times. But the women of these times, especially ...

What do you consider to be the key differences between orthodox and Essay

What do you consider to be the key differences between orthodox and new approaches to International Political Economy Illustrate your answer with particula - Essay Example Thus, it has become interdisciplinary studies of economics, law and political science, which help in grasping the inter-relation of political institutions and capitalism – how they affect each other in the political environment. The new range of approaches to ‘International political economy’ (IPE) refers to international trade and finance and government’s monetary and fiscal policies that decide which way the international business of a state proceeds. These approaches to IPE are linked with the journal The Review of International Political Economy (RIPE), edited by British and American scholars.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_economy) ) Ronen Palan in his book, Global Politician Economy: Contemporary theories, has summarized the IPE in the preface of the book - â€Å"†¦. The emphasis on negotiation, contestation and historical narrative underlines the open-endedness of contemporary processes in the Global Political Economy†. http://www.mammadli.az/political_economy.htm The name of Robert Gilpin, the dean of American students of international political economy stands high in the field because of the new approach to IPE, which is due to the focus he has given to essential economic, political and technological forces changing the world. His Global Political Economy: Understanding the International Political Order is a masterpiece of scholarly research done on the different approaches to comprehend international economic relations. The book also takes into consideration the problems the new economy faces. Gilpin has taken into consideration the new emerging economic and political forces; how the new technology, computing and regionalism are changing the face of world economy after the end of cold war. He has laid emphasis in particular to globalisation of the economy, actual and underlying meaning of economic affairs and the level of its importance, nature and how far goes the role of economic affairs and

Art Therapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Art Therapy - Essay Example This paper focuses on art therapeutic effect. it is clear that art therapists should be aware of psychotherapeutic theories and adapt them into models relevant to art therapy (Waller, 1992). Psychological treatments next to creativity are combined in art therapy. As far as we can see, art therapy is a unification of medical and non-medical treatment and is available to the society both in medical and non-medical institutions. This fact proves that art therapy is a new stage in medicine development. Art therapists are mediators between the inner world of an individual and a turbulent reality. Creative minds of art therapists and their different approaches to every patient inspire their patients so that the latter can become calm and self-confident people. Art therapists make patients confident in their abilities to establish a successful social relationship, increase their cognitive abilities. Social difficulties experienced by individuals can be cured via art therapy as well. Basically, art therapists show humane attitude to their patients and it is necessary to devote more researchers to this ‘new paradigm’ of art therapy. Books and researchers in art therapy should be written in a creative manner. A creative spirit is an important factor of such kind of works. Art therapy is a paradoxical combination of science and art, which have been often regarded to be incompatible, but this science dis pels this myth and we clearly see that scientific and creative combination leads to a creation of effective field such as art therapy.

Characteristics Of Fractals And Fractal Dimensions Engineering Essay

Characteristics Of Fractals And Fractal Dimensions Engineering Essay According to Benoit B. Mandelbrot, fractal is considered that object or structure that consists of fragments with variable orientation and size but of similar appearance. This feature gives the fractal some special geometric properties the length and the relationship between surface area and volume. These special properties do need other s different mathematical tools to explain the common characteristics. In the human body there are structures with fractal geometry, such as vascular system, the bronchial ramifications, the neural network, the arrangement of the glands, etc. The importance of this fractal geometry in the body is to optimize the role of systems because in a small space with the largest area. Since there are structures with fractal geometry we deduce that should be possible phenomena with fractal characteristics to power these phenomena have constantly repeating patterns at different timescales. These phenomena can be characterized with the use of mathematical tools of fractal geometry. Niels Fabian Helge von Koch said, Fractal theory can be considered a valid and useful tool for studying dynamic phenomena in the human body or in nature and allows an approach more in keeping with the complexity and nonlinearity existing in these processes. The fractal dimension is a mathematical index that we calculate and that allows us to quantify the characteristics of fractal objects or phenomena. This index can be calculated in several ways. One of these ways of calculating fractal dimension is the Hurst exponent. The concept of dimension that we use is usually the classical Euclidean, is that one dimension is a line, form a flat two-dimensional and three-dimensional object form a volume. However, an irregular line tends to form a surface and a surface bends when it becomes a volume, as we can, starting a one-dimensional object, passing the same object in three dimensions. Many natural structures have these characteristics so that, geometrically, these structures may have a non integer dimension between 2 and 3. Thus the fractal dimension is an index that allows us to quantify the geometric properties of objects with fractal geometry. The phenomena with fractal behavior can be represented by line graphs, and these graphics can measure their fractal dimension and thus to quantify the complexity of chaotic dynamics. Regarding the relationship between fractals and chaos, we could truly say that fractals are the graphic representation of chaos. Delving a bit on the subject and based on the ideas of Carlos Sabino we could say that the relationship between chaos and fractals is that fractals are geometric figures with a certain pattern that is repeated endlessly as a multiple scales and if the close look reveals that this pattern is found in the components, and parts of its components, and component parts of its components, and so on to infinity. This we can see if we can observe the fractal at different scales smaller and smaller. Fractals of which is said not to have full dimension represent graphically that chaotic equations can be solved. Fractals show us that points of a given mathematical space collapsed the chaotic solutions of our equation. The most curious part of this is that both the equations and fractals can be constructed with elements that we have all seen in our past academia, but the results obtained can become an incredibly high complexity. This can be considered a way of life Fractal Characteristics In broad terms we can define a fractal as a geometric figure with a very complex and detailed structure at all scales. Already in the nineteenth century many figures were designed with these characteristics but were not considered beyond simple mathematical curiosities and rarities. However, in the seventies of last century, their study is closely linked to development studies on chaos. As noted above, the fractals are basically the graphical representation of chaos, but also have a number of characteristics that then we will try to enumerate. First, we must consider that they are still fractal geometric figures, but do not meet its definition and it is impossible through traditional concepts and methods in place since Euclid. However, the above statement is very far from becoming rare or anomalous figures, as a glance around us can perceive the lack of Euclidean forms ideal, a feeling which will increase greatly if we find in nature. In fact, we will be surprised a lot when we stumble across, for example, with a spherical stone. Consequently, while always trying to apply to reality, Euclidean shapes (circles, squares, cubes ) are limited to the field of our mind and the pure mathematical abstraction. On the contrary, as we shall see, fractals are widespread. Like when we speak of chaos, one of the most significant properties of fractals and which is particularly striking is the fact that originates from some initial conditions or very basic rules that will lead to extremely complex shapes, seemingly diabolical. A clear example is the Cantor set, because it originates simply part of a line segment, we divide it into three parts and remove the core and so on. Another key feature of the concept of fractal self-similarity is This idea in a broader sense and philosophy has attracted since the beginning of mans humanity. Jonathan Swift partly reflected in his book  Gullivers Travels  when he conceived the idea of the existence of tiny men, the  midgets, and giants, all with similar morphology but a quite different scale. Of course, this is very attractive and even romantic, but rejects the science for a long time. However, the advances of this century that unveiled some resemblance of an atom with electrons orbiting around the nucleus and the solar system with the Sun and its planets rehabilitated to some extent the concept. In the particular case of fractals, is viewed as a fractal object every time we change the scale, shows a clear resemblance to the previous image. Therefore, we can define the self-similarity as symmetry within a scale, in other words fractals are recurrent. This is evident in figures like the Koch curve, in which each extension results in an exact copy of the picture above. But to illustrate in a general way, we can see the coastline of Europe. In principle, we may consider Europe as a peninsula of Asia Moreover, within Europe there are large peninsulas and the Balkans and if we reduce the scale, we found other small and the Peloponnese peninsula and we can continue to differentiate between incoming and outgoing calls between the grains sand from the beach. However, this self-similarity should not be confused with an absolute identity between scales, for example, following the previous example, is not that smaller peninsulas have a way exactly like the majors. Rather, what this idea implies the existence of an infinite complexity of fractal figures since, given its recurrence, we will be extending its image over and over again to infinity without the appearance of a completely defined. In fact, these extensions will be revealing an increasingly complex network and seemingly inexplicable. For example, we take a seemingly smooth surface but if we extend it, the microscope will show hillocks and valleys that will be more abrupt increases as we use more. But this discovery leads us to a more difficult question, what is the size of a fractal? This same question was asked in his article Mandelbrot  How long is the coast of Britain?  In which he proposes the concept of fractal dimension. According to Euclids geometry, we move in a three-dimensional as to place a point on the plane we need three coordinates (height, width and depth). Similarly, a plane has two dimensions, the straight one and point zero. However, if we take, for example, the Koch curve is assumed to belong to a one-dimensional world, we will see as their length varies depending on the  ruler  that we use and, therefore, it is impossible to calculate exactly. Clearly, neither is it a plane because as its name suggests is a curve as it is within the plane. Consequently, it is considered that its size must be halfway between one and two. This approach may seem a simple mathematical juggling, since this unit the size of the unit of measure and, ultimately, of the relativity of the reference point of the observer escapes hands. However, it is very useful because, as shown in the following pages can be calculated and, therefore, serves to balance characteristics of fractal objects and their degree of ruggedness, discontinuity or irregularity. This also means that it is considered that this degree of irregularity is constant at different scales, which has been shown many times appearing incredibly regular and irregular patterns of behavior in the complete disorder. CALCULATION OF FRACTAL DIMENSIONS As I mentioned above, we defined the concept of fractal dimension as one that does not fit, traditionally considered since the time of Euclid: size 0, item; dimension 1, the line, and so on. But this concept is not only theoretical but can be calculated as we will show below. Anyway, we should not forget that we start with a subjective idea, as it is to ascertain and quantify the fractal occupies the space where you are. If we take a figure whose fractal dimension is between one and two as, for example, the coastline, the result of its length will depend on the length of the ruler we use, for example the unit of measurement. Therefore, if we get this unit to be infinitely small we can measure with great accuracy.Now, based on this simple idea, it will be easier to understand the following mathematical development: Denote a complete metric space and (X, d), where is a nonempty compact subset of X. whereas take B (x,) as areas  closed  to radio and with center at a point xX. We define an integer, N (A,) that is the least necessary number of areas  closed  to radio we need to cover all A.. This would be: N (A,) = The smallest positive integer so that AÃÅ' ÈMn=1 B(xn, e) For a set of distinct points (xn, 1, 2, 3, , M). To know that this number exists, surround all the points x A with an area  open  to radio > 0 to cover A with joint  open.  Since A is compact, this cover has a finite sub cover, which is an integer, which call M . If  we close  these areas, we get a cover M of closed mats. We call C the set of covers of A with a maximum of M areas  closed  to radio. Therefore, C contains at least one item. Now, lets f:C à   {1, 2, 3,,M } as f (c) which is equal to the number of areas on deck c C. Then, {f(c): cÃŽC} is a finite set of positive integers. Consequently, this set will contain a smaller number, N (A,). Intuitive idea behind fractal dimension, based on the assumption that A has a fractal dimension D if N(A, e)  » Ce -D where C is a positive constant. Interpret » so that f ( ) and g () are real functions of real positive variable. Then, f(e)  » g(e) Means that . Solving for D we get: Given that time tends to zero, we get the term also tends to zero we arrive at the following definition: Be AÃŽH(X), and (X, d) is a metric space. For each e>0 let N (A, e) And lower number of area  closed  to radio?> 0 needed to cover A. If: Exists, then D is the fractal dimension of A. Also denoted as D = D (A) and reads A has fractal dimension D Examples: We can recreate this set a very simple way: we take a line and divide it into three equal segments, eliminating the middle and replaced by two segments of a length equal to one third of the original line thus obtaining four segments, this is continued to infinity. K E N 0 1 1 1 1 / 3 4 2 1 / 9 16 K K = number of interactions required E = size measuring instrument N = Number of times used E Its size is calculated using the following formula: And which leads to: Thus see that the dimension of the Koch curve has a dimension that is between the 1st and the 2nd and is 1.2618. The main and most known representative of fractals is the Mandelbrot set. For many experts it is by far the most complex object of all sciences. It is amazing to observe its infinite complexity, which is certainly beyond description. And this complexity is multiplied at every scale clusters appear endless, peninsulas, islands really are not, spirals, etc. No matter how scaling up or how many times you give to the zoom button, the display will appear more and more figures infinitely complicated. Of course it looks like a diabolical invention capable of driving the sanest. The Mandelbrot set is a series of complex numbers that satisfy a certain mathematical property. Each issue is composed of a real and an imaginary part represented by i, which is equal to the square root of -1, as follows: 2 + 3i. So take a number and either C squared. We add the number obtained C and back to be squared and continue over and over again with the same process: z z2 + C. Applications of Fractals Although they may seem simple figures created to entertain mathematicians, there are many applications of fractals, both theoretically and practically. Given the broad scope of its application field, then we will limit to list the most striking and, so to speak, which are more spectacular. Since then, its application in the field of abstract science has been really great. One of its most immediate applications is the study of solutions of systems of equations over the second degree. In fact, early in the study of fractals, John Hubbard, American mathematician, in a plane represent the way the Newton method for solving equations, leads from different starting points for each of the solutions. Previously it was thought that each solution will have a basin of attraction that would divide the map in several places and points of which lead to the solution. However, by computer scanning and assigning a color to each watershed, Hubbard found that the boundaries of these regions of the plane were not well defined in any way. Within these limits was a color points into other points of color and as the grid of numbers was more complex was going to expand revealing the border. In fact, could be considered as there was no such border. Although there are many applications in areas as diverse as physics and seismology, since then the area where more applications have been found in image processing. In fact, rather than inputs, should speak of a revolution. Michael Barnsley was the pioneer in the treatment of images from its so-called fractal transformation. This is the opposite process to the formation of a fractal, for example instead of creating a figure from certain rules; we search for rules that form a specific figure. Currently, fractals are used to compress digital images so that they occupy less space and can be transmitted at higher speed and lower cost; in addition, they are very useful when creating spectacular special effects blockbusters, because it is relatively easy to create all types of landscapes and funds through fractals. So simple that with a small computer program that occupies a small space, you can create a beautiful tree from a simple scheme. Similarly, the fractal revolution affects the world of music, as it is very widespread use of fractal procedures for the composition, especially techno music or rhythmic foundation for any other type of music. Furthermore, the concept of fractal dimension and have had great impact in the field of biology. On the other hand, one can see great examples of fractal structures in the human body as the network of veins and arteries. From a large blood vessel and the aorta come out smaller vessels until the appearance of very fine hair so as to cover as much space as possible to carry nutrients to cells. Furthermore, it is believed to guess a certain similarity between the generation of fractals and the genetic code, since in both cases from very limited information apparently complex structures arise.